Základy vědění:)
začínající jezdec)
Základní barvy koní - bělouš, albín, červenavý bělouš, žluťák, strakáč, appaloosa, pstružák, plavák, ryzák, tmavý ryzák, hnědák, tmavý hnědák, vraník
Vrozené znaky = odlišnost barvy a srsti od základního zbarvení na některých částech těla:
- na hlavě - hvězda, nosní pruh, mléčná huba, lysina, bílý nos, slinka, lucerna, přerušovaný pruh
- na končetinách - bílá korunka, bílá spěnka, podkolenka, ponožka, zebrování
Získané znaky = znaky získané během života, které vznikají náhodně (např. bílé skvrny po zranění) nebo úmyslně (to jsou znaky pro upřesnění identity - výžehy).
Zlozvyky - okusování předmětů, skřípání zuby, kopání, hrabání, klkání, tkalcování (hodinaření), vzpínání
Základní chody koní
- krok (4 doby): LZ, LP, PZ, PP
- klus (2 doby): LZ+PP, PZ+LP
- cval (3 doby): LZ, LP+PZ, PP
+ couvání
Tělesná teplota a tep
- dospělý kůň: 37,8 - 38,2 C
- hříbata: 38,5 C
- tep: 35 - 40 tepů za minutu
Péče o koně:
Krmení
- seno, luční tráva, oves, granule, otruby, plevy, květ, ječný šrot, kukuřice, ovoce a zelenina
Napájení
- ustájený kůň potřebuje v průměru 40 l vody denně. Voda musí být čerstvá a čistá a měla by mít okolo 10 C. Ideální je napáječka, není-li ovšem k dispozici postačí i obyčejný kýbl, do kterého se ovšem nesmí zapomínat voda dolévat a denně ho vymývat.
Nejběžnější onemocnění koní
- kolika, podlom, hniloba kopyt, plísňové onemocnění kůže, alergie, vnitřní i vnější paraziti, schvácení kopyt, zánět šlach, koňská chřipka
Nejběžnější úrazy koní
- zášlap, tržná rána, odřenina, otlaky
Vodění koně
- koně vodíme zásadně vždy z levé strany, pravou rukou držíme vodítko pod hubou, levou rukou pak držíme konec vodítka.
- Je-li kůň nasedlaný, musí být třmeny vytažené nahoru, nemá-li kůň martingal ani jinou pomocnou otěž, musí být otěže sundané z krku (aby plnily funkci vodítka).
Bezpečnost práce
- ve stáji se neběhá a nekřičí
- ke koni přistupujeme vždy zleva, před vstupem do boxu koně oslovíme
- v boxe můžou být maximálně 2 lidé
- v době našeho pobytu v boxe musí být kůň uvázán
- koně bezdůvodně nemlátíme ani na ně nekřičíme, koně trestáme úměrně k jeho činu
- je třeba koně denně místovat a podestýlat , denně potřebuje jíst a pít
Jízdárenské povely:
- Malý kruh: každý jezdec udělá podle svého místa 1x malý kruh o průměru 6 m a jede rovně dál. Malý kruh se nedělá v rohu a jezdec by ho měl končit v místě kde ho začal.
- Velký kruh: Jezdí se na jízdárně o průměru šířky jízdárny nebo o průměru 20 m. Jezdí se tak dlouho, dokud není veleno jinak.
- V kruhu změnit směr: Jezdec jede ze středu krátké stěny dvěma půlkruhy přes střed velkého kruhu tak, aby s koněm změnil směr a jel na tom samém kruhu na opačnou ruku.
Kruhy změnit: Jezdec je před středem krátké stěny, projede část kruhu a po diagonále přejede na druhý kruh. Jezdci se potkávají po vnější ruce.
- Kruhy zmenšit; Zvětšit: Je to postupné spirálovité měnění velikosti kruhu.
- Půl jízdárny: Jezdec obrátí koně v polovině dlouhé stěny, jede rovně jízdárnou a obrátí se ve středu protější dlouhé stěny na tu samou ruku (není-li veleno jinak). Jezdí se tak dlouho, dokud není veleno jinak.
- Středem jízdárny: Jezdec obrátí koně v polovině krátké stěny, jede rovně jízdárnou a obrátí se ve středu opačné krátké stěny na tu samou ruku (není-li veleno jinak).
- Obrat dovnitř: Jezdec na dlouhé stěně obrátí koně dovnitř a jede k protější dlouhé stěně, na které se pak obrátí na stejnou ruku (není-li veleno jinak).
- Diagonálně změnit směr: Tento cvik slouží pro změnu směru a provádí se v FXH (HXF) či KXM (MXK). Např. z bodu F jezdec směřuje k bodu X, tím projedete a pokračujete k bodu H. Zde se dostanete na stěnu a po stěně pokračujete dál v jízdě již na opačnou ruku.
- Obloukem změnit směr: Jezdec udělá oblouk o průměru 6 m a vrátí se šikmo na stěnu. Tento povel se nedělá v rohu.
- Vlnovka o třech obloucích: Jezdec začne ze středu krátké stěny první oblouk. Při všech třech obloucích dojede až na dlouhou stěnu. Třetí oblouk končí ve středu protější krátké stěny.
- Od stěny ke stěně: Jezdec, který je před středem krátké stěny (pokud je za středem, pokračuje přímo a cvik provede až na další dlouhé stěně ) na začátku dlouhé stěny odbočí obloukem ke středu jízdárny a vrátí se zpět na dlouhou stěnu. Cvik konáme tak dlouho, není-li veleno jinak. Podobně provádíme i povel 2x od stěny ke stěně.
- 2x od stěny ke stěně
Chování jezdce s koněm při vjezdu na veřejnou komunikaci
- jezdec jede při pravém okraji vozovky, dodržuje všechny pravidla silničního provozu a při nedostatečné viditelnosti musí být označen odrazkami a baterkou.
Pravidla na jízdárně:
- jezdec smí nasednout nebo sesednout z koně pouze s povolením cvičitele. Nasedá z levé strany.
- Jezdci se míjí na levou ruku (tzn. jako v silničním provozu). Rychlejší chod jezdí vždy na stěně. Jezdci mezi sebou dodržují minimální vzdálenost 3 m.
- Jezdci z koně nemluví, nepředjíždějí se bez povolení cvičitele a respektují všechny příkazy a povely cvičitele.
Správná výstroj jezdce:
- helma, vysoké jezdecké boty nebo chapsy, jezdecké kalhoty, triko s dlouhým rukávem, rukavice.
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